Healthy Building Movement
Health Score Tool 1.0 · Version 1.5
Healthy Building Movement

Health Score Tool

Systematically assess the health and wellbeing quality of your building against established standards and benchmarks.

After completing the assessment, please let us know how you found this evaluation of your building's health quality and how we could improve this mini-app. Please use the following link:

Link to the feedback form on Google

Thank you!

  • A simple and practical assessment of the health-related quality of buildings
  • A focus on health and wellbeing rather than complex sustainability assessments
  • Takes into account key factors such as outdoor and indoor air quality, indoor climate and user comfort
  • Can be applied early on in the planning phase, when optimisations are still easy to implement
  • Suitable for residential buildings, office and administrative buildings, and school buildings
  • Complements the Resource Score to provide a comprehensive and transparent building assessment

How does the Health Score work?

Two levels of assessment 1. Health parameters These are the minimum requirements. If they are not met, the score will be limited to E–G determine the final assessment of
2. Wellbeing parameters determine the final rating from A to E
ScoreMeaning
AExcellent quality
BGood quality
CSatisfactory quality
DAdequate quality
EDeficient quality
FPoor quality
GPotential health concern

Select building type

Residential building
Apartment buildings, houses
Office/administration
Offices, administration
School building
Schools, education

Health parameter 1/6

Outdoor Air (ODA)

Determining outdoor air quality at the building location

Information
The ODA rating describes the quality of the outdoor air at the building location.
Because outdoor air enters the building as fresh air, it has a major influence on indoor air quality.
The poorer the outdoor air quality (ODA 2 or 3), the greater the requirements for filtration and air purification.

What do ODA 1–3 mean?
ODA 1 = low-pollution location (rural area, small town, residential area).
ODA 2 = moderately polluted location (urban area with noticeable traffic).
ODA 3 = highly polluted location, e.g. close to heavily trafficked roads, industry or intensive agriculture.

Google Maps – for determining the relevant distances
German Environment Agency – Air Quality Index (PM2.5, PM10 and NO₂ by monitoring station) · IQAir World Air Quality Map – compare particulate matter levels at the location internationally

ODA 1 – All criteria must be met:

ODA 3 – Any one criterion is sufficient:

50 hectares is roughly equivalent to 70 football pitches and is typical of large commercial, chemical or industrial parks (e.g. the premises of larger industrial companies). Smaller commercial areas or individual businesses are usually below this threshold. You can make a rough estimate of the area and distance using the measuring tool in Google Maps.

Health parameter 2/6

Radon

Assessment of radon levels in soil gas

Information
Radon levels depend on the location and can have a significant effect on indoor air quality.
Structural protective measures are required in areas with a medium or high radon potential.
For high radon levels, evidence must also be provided that the indoor air reference level of 300 Bq/m³ (annual mean, Section 128 of the German Radiation Protection Act) is met. This value applies to indoor air and is not directly comparable with the soil-gas concentration.

Note the unit: The BfS Geoportal shows the soil-gas concentration in kBq/m³ (kilobecquerels), e.g. “40” rather than “40,000”. The options below are already shown in kBq/m³ so that they can be compared directly with the map legend.

Sources and reference values: BfS radon map (DE) (activate both the “Radon > Radon-222 in soil gas” and “Radon precautionary areas” layers so you can check both at once) · RIVM (NL) ·
Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · How do you measure the health impact of indoor air?
Health Score: the central HBM assessment framework, covering radon among other factors. ‘How do you measure...’ explains the health impact and measurement of indoor air, including radon.

Step 1: Radon levels at the location

Bands correspond to the BfS Geoportal legend. Low < 40 kBq/m³ · Medium 40–80 kBq/m³ · High > 80 kBq/m³.
Health parameter 3/6

Indoor temperature

Summer heat protection in accordance with DIN 4108-2 (residential buildings only)

Information
Indoor temperature is a key factor for health and wellbeing.
Excessively high summer temperatures can cause heat stress and adverse health effects.
The assessment follows DIN 4108-2 and applies only to residential buildings, as these are occupied continuously and used for sleeping.
Other building types, such as offices or schools, have limited occupancy periods and are therefore assessed using different criteria.

Sources and reference values: App for measuring indoor temperature · Determine climate region (A/B/C) using a map ·
Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · Performance indicators for healthy buildings
Health Score: the HBM assessment framework, including indoor temperature. Performance indicators: target and reference values for temperature, air quality, light and sound.


What are “maximum degree-hours”?
Kelvin-hours (Kh) measure how far and for how long the reference value is exceeded: an exceedance of 1 K for 1 hour equals 1 Kh. (“K” stands for Kelvin and here represents a temperature difference equivalent to °C.)
Example: If the room temperature is 2 K (2 °C) above the reference value of 26 °C, i.e. 28 °C, for 600 hours a year, the result is 600 × 2 = 1,200 Kh/a. The permitted allowance has then already been used up. The greater the exceedance, the faster the allowance is consumed.
RegionReference value [°C]Maximum degree-hours [Kh/a]
A – Uplands/coast251.200
B – Other regions261.200
C – Upper Rhine Valley/Lake Constance271.200
If you do not know, select “Partly/not sure” and answer the simple, observable questions below instead (e.g. about solar shading and night ventilation).

Proxy questions

Are room temperatures regularly above 26–27 °C in summer?
Is external solar shading installed?
Are there large south- or west-facing windows without adequate shading?
Is effective night ventilation possible?
Is active cooling available?
Health parameter 4/6

Fine particulate matter PM2.5

Assessment based on the German limit, with reference to WHO guidelines from 2030

Information
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) consists of very small particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs and adversely affect health.
Exposure is strongly influenced by outdoor air quality (ODA rating).
Air filters are therefore required in polluted areas to maintain healthy indoor air quality.

Sources and reference values: IQAir World Air Quality Map – check particulate matter at the location ·
Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · Healthy air at home
Health Score: the HBM assessment framework, including fine particulate matter. Healthy air at home: practical measures addressing fine particulate matter, CO₂, NO₂, VOCs and formaldehyde.
Health parameter 5/6

Nitrogen dioxide NO₂

Air purification in ODA 3 areas (supply air ≤ 20 µg/m³)

Information
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is an air pollutant produced mainly by traffic and industrial emissions.
Elevated exposure can irritate the respiratory tract and adversely affect health.
Air purification is therefore required in areas with high outdoor air pollution (ODA 3) to ensure healthy indoor air quality.

Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · Healthy air at home
Health Score: the HBM assessment framework, including NO₂. Healthy air at home: practical measures addressing sources such as gas cookers and traffic.
For ODA 3: supply air must comply with ≤ 20 µg/m³ NO₂.

Proxy questions

Mechanical ventilation system with controlled supply air?
Is an activated-carbon filter for NO₂ installed?
Is the outdoor air intake sufficiently far from heavily trafficked roads?
Health parameter 6a/6

VOC – Volatile organic compounds

TVOC target value < 0.3 mg/m³

Information
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be emitted by building materials, paints, adhesives and furniture. To ensure a healthy building, the Health Score requires a planning concept that meets the target value for total VOC concentration (TVOC) of less than 0.3 mg/m³ (level 1).
The Health Score checks whether VOC exposure is limited in order to ensure healthy indoor air quality.

Sources and reference values: Database for checking whether building materials are safe ·
Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · Qualifying and quantifying VOC emissions from bio-based building materials
Health Score: the HBM assessment framework, including VOCs. Detailed article: qualifying and quantifying VOC emissions from building materials, including test certificates.
Increased VOC risk from paints and varnishes, adhesives, floor coverings, engineered wood products and sealants.
Health parameter 6b/6

Formaldehyde

Limit: 60 µg/m³ in indoor air

Information
Formaldehyde is assessed separately because of its carcinogenic effects. Here too, the Health Score requires a concept that meets the strict indoor air limit of 60 µg/m³.

Sources and reference values: Device for carrying out your own formaldehyde measurement · Database for checking whether building materials are safe ·
Learn more? Health Score – A practical framework for healthy buildings · Questionnaire for healthy materials
Health Score: the HBM assessment framework, including formaldehyde. Questionnaire: questions for suppliers about low-emission, formaldehyde-free materials.

This can be identified using the following low-emission certifications (see database): Indoor Air Comfort GOLD, EC1+, Blue Angel, eco-INSTITUT or GUT.

Wellbeing parameters

The health parameters are complete. The wellbeing parameters that determine the final grade follow next.

How the wellbeing parameters affect the score The better these criteria are met, the higher the achievable score (A–C).
Wellbeing parameter 1/9

Thermal comfort

Thermal comfort in accordance with DIN EN 16798-1

Information
Temperature is a key factor in users’ thermal comfort.
It reflects how comfortable indoor conditions feel in everyday use.
The Health Score assesses temperature as a wellbeing parameter, for example using the comfort categories in DIN EN ISO 7730.
Unlike the health parameters, this is not a minimum requirement but a quality feature: the better the thermal comfort, the higher the Health Score.

Learn more? What is a healthy building – and why is it the right choice? · Building criteria: the three phases of a healthy building
What is a healthy building: an introduction to thermal comfort, light, acoustics and materials. Building criteria – the three phases: includes requirements for thermal comfort.

Select design category:

I
Very high
16°29°
Winter min.
(living spaces)
21°C
Winter min.
(other spaces)
21 °C
Winter max.23 °C
Summer max.25,5 °C
II
High
16°29°
Winter min.
(living spaces)
20°C
Winter min.
(other spaces)
20 °C
Winter max.24 °C
Summer max.26 °C
III
Medium
16°29°
Winter min.
(living spaces)
18°C
Winter min.
(other spaces)
18 °C
Winter max.25 °C
Summer max.27 °C
IV
Low
16°29°
Winter min.
(living spaces)
< 18°C
Winter min.
(other spaces)
< 18 °C
Winter max.> 25 °C
Summer max.> 27 °C
?
Not sure
→ Open proxyquestions

Proxy questions

Compliant with DIN 4108-2?
Automatic external solar shading?
Is triple glazing installed?
Very high insulation standard? (External wall U-value approx. 0.20–0.24 W/(m²·K) or better)

User control

Wellbeing parameter 2/9

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Air quality and ventilation sizing

Information
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration is an important indicator of a room's air quality and ventilation status.
High CO₂ levels can cause fatigue, difficulty concentrating and reduced wellbeing.
The Health Score assesses CO₂ as a wellbeing parameter.
The lower the CO₂ concentration and the better the air quality, the higher the achievable score.

The outdoor air supply here refers to the ventilation rate, i.e. the amount of fresh air supplied per person (in litres per second, l/s·P, with m³/h·P also shown for reference).

A demand-controlled system (continuously variable or adjustable in steps, e.g. controlled by CO₂ levels or occupancy) will generally achieve the higher categories (I/II). A system with simple on/off operation (fixed airflow, not demand-controlled) is more likely to correspond to the lower categories (III/IV).

Learn more? Performance indicators for healthy buildings · Healthy air at home
Performance indicators: target and reference values for air quality, including CO₂. Healthy air at home: practical ventilation measures to reduce CO₂.
I
Very high
outdoor air supply10 l/s·P (36 m³/h·P)
CO₂ above outdoor air≤350 ppm
II
High
outdoor air supply7 l/s·P (25,2 m³/h·P)
CO₂ above outdoor air≤550 ppm
III
Medium
outdoor air supply4 l/s·P (14,4 m³/h·P)
CO₂ above outdoor air≤900 ppm
IV
Low
outdoor air supply2,5 l/s·P (9 m³/h·P)
CO₂ above outdoor air≤1350 ppm
?
Not sure
→ Open proxyquestions

Proxy questions

Is CO₂- or occupancy-based control available?
Can the main occupied rooms be ventilated naturally?
Wellbeing parameter 3/9

Daylight & sunlight exposure

Duration of sunlight exposure, 1 February–21 March

Information
Daylight and sunlight exposure have a significant influence on users’ wellbeing, health and performance.
Sufficient natural light supports the circadian rhythm and improves visual perception and the quality of the indoor environment.
The Health Score assesses daylight and sunlight exposure as wellbeing parameters.
The better a building's natural lighting and sunlight exposure, the higher its score.

Learn more? Building criteria: the three phases of a healthy building · Webinar: The power of light in healthy buildings
Building criteria – the three phases: includes daylight requirements. The webinar ‘The power of light’ explores daylight, sunlight exposure and the circadian rhythm.
✕
Not achieved
Sunlight exposure< 1,5 h
◑
Low
Sunlight exposure≥ 1,5 h
◕
Medium
Sunlight exposure≥ 3,0 h
●
High
Sunlight exposure≥ 4,0 h
?
Not sure
→ Open proxyquestions
The clock shows the proportion of the required sunlight hours within a 24-hour day.

Proxy questions

Are occupied rooms oriented towards the south/east or south/west?
Are the windows largely unshaded by surrounding buildings?
Wellbeing parameter 4/9

Artificial lighting

Lighting quality and adaptability

Information
Artificial lighting supplements daylight and is essential to visual quality and users’ wellbeing.
Good lighting supports visual tasks, aids concentration and can have a positive effect on the circadian rhythm.
The Health Score assesses artificial lighting as a wellbeing parameter.
Factors such as adaptability, light intensity and light colour play an important role.
The better the lighting quality, the higher the achievable score.

Sources and reference values: LEDVANCE LUX-O-METER (iOS) · LEDVANCE LUX-O-METER (Android) – app for measuring artificial light levels
Learn more? Performance indicators for healthy buildings · Webinar: The power of light in healthy buildings
Performance indicators: target and reference values for artificial lighting. The webinar ‘The power of light’ covers the circadian rhythm, light colour and Human Centric Lighting.
This means controllable luminaires, such as tunable-white or HCL systems, that adjust brightness and the blue component of light automatically or on a schedule throughout the day: cooler, activating light in the morning and warmer, dimmed light in the evening.

The circadian rhythm is the body's internal 24-hour clock. Among other things, it controls sleep, alertness, hormone production and concentration. Light plays a crucial role: bright, cool light promotes alertness, while warm, dimmed light prepares the body for the night. Lighting adapted to the circadian rhythm can support wellbeing and performance.

In practical terms: suitable luminaires have a controllable light spectrum (tunable white or Human Centric Lighting/HCL) and can alter brightness and the blue component over the course of the day—for example, cooler light with a higher blue component in the morning and at midday (activating), and warmer light with a lower blue component in the evening (calming). Control can be manual using a dimmer or app, or intelligently automated using a schedule, daylight sensor or smart lighting/DALI system.

Wellbeing parameter 5/9

Sound insulation

Enhanced sound insulation in accordance with DIN 4109-5

Information
Sound insulation has a major influence on acoustic comfort and the quality of indoor environments.
Insufficient sound insulation can cause noise exposure, difficulty concentrating and stress.
The Health Score assesses sound insulation as a wellbeing parameter.
The more effectively unwanted noise is reduced and the better the acoustic quality, the higher the score.

How does sound travel through a room?
Sound travels directly from the source to the ear but is also reflected by walls, ceilings and floors, creating reverberation. Hard, smooth surfaces reflect a large amount of sound, while soft or porous materials absorb it. Sound is also transmitted between rooms through building elements such as walls, ceilings and windows, as well as through structure-borne sound such as impact noise.
Possible measures: Acoustic elements or absorbers on walls or ceilings (to reduce reverberation and room noise), sound-insulating window designs (to reduce external noise), and floating screeds or impact-sound insulation (to reduce structure-borne sound between storeys).

Learn more? Building criteria: the three phases of a healthy building · Performance indicators for healthy buildings
Building criteria – the three phases: includes sound-insulation requirements. Performance indicators: target and reference values for sound.

DIN 4109-1 specifies nationally applicable minimum requirements for sound insulation. DIN 4109-5 defines additional, voluntary enhanced requirements that are noticeably better than the minimum. Unlike Part 1, however, they are not required by law and are binding only if agreed in the construction contract. Compared with the minimum value, “enhanced” specifically means:
· Airborne sound insulation (e.g. walls separating dwellings): at least 3 dB better (guide value R'w ≥ 56 dB instead of at least 53 dB)
· Impact sound insulation (e.g. separating floors): at least 5 dB better (a lower value is better, e.g. L'n,w ≤ 45–46 dB instead of approx. 50–53 dB)
· Noise from building services (heating, ventilation, etc.): reduced by at least 3 dB
The precise target values vary by building element (wall, floor, stairs) and building type. The figures above are typical guide values for walls and floors separating dwellings. If you do not know the exact values, select “Not sure” above; simpler, observable proxy questions will then follow.

Proxy questions

Are acoustically enhanced windows installed? (Multiple glazing with improved acoustic insulation, e.g. an asymmetric pane configuration or specialist acoustic glazing, to reduce external noise)
Are measures planned to reduce impact sound? (e.g. floating screed, impact-sound insulation beneath the floor covering or a structurally isolated staircase, to reduce footfall noise transmitted to rooms below)
Wellbeing parameter 6/9

Room acoustics

Sound pressure level, background noise & reverberation time

Information
Room acoustics describe how sound travels within a room and how it is perceived.
Good room acoustics ensure that speech is clearly intelligible and unwanted reverberation or noise effects are minimised.

The Health Score assesses room acoustics as a wellbeing parameter.
The better the acoustic conditions in the room, the greater user satisfaction and the higher the achievable score.

Learn more? Building criteria: the three phases of a healthy building · What is a healthy building – and why is it the right choice?
Building criteria – the three phases: includes room-acoustics requirements. What is a healthy building: an introduction to acoustics and wellbeing.

Maximum sound pressure level

Background noise

Recommended maximum continuous sound levels from background noise. Are these values achieved in the relevant room types?

For context, what do the dB(A) values mean? Decibels (dB) measure sound level on a logarithmic scale; +10 dB corresponds to roughly a doubling of perceived loudness. For reference, a whisper is approximately 30 dB, normal conversation approximately 60 dB, and road traffic approximately 70–80 dB.

Measure it yourself: Decibel X – dBA sound level meter (iOS) · phyphox (iOS & Android, RWTH Aachen) – free alternative using the microphone sensor; not specifically calibrated for standard-compliant dB(A) measurements

Room-acoustic properties (reverberation time)

Is the maximum reverberation time T met in the relevant room types?

Measure it yourself: acousticcheck.com – smartphone measurements provide only a rough indication, not a standard-compliant measurement in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3382
Wellbeing parameter 7/9

Fit-for-purpose office spaces

Zoning and flexibility of office spaces

Information
Fit-for-purpose offices provide different areas for different activities and needs.
Good zoning enables both focused work and spontaneous interaction, thereby supporting productivity and wellbeing.

The Health Score assesses whether office spaces are designed to meet users’ needs. Full points are awarded only if all four criteria are met.
Select the areas available in the office:
Decision rule: if at least 3 of 4 of these areas are present, the answer to the question is “Yes”.
→ Result: no selection yet
Wellbeing parameters 8–9/9

Additional parameters

Views, colour concept, material concept, access to nature, balcony/terrace, barrier-free access (for residential buildings)

Views

Information
Views from indoor spaces have a positive effect on users’ wellbeing and satisfaction.
Views outside, particularly of natural or high-quality surroundings, can reduce stress and improve the quality of the indoor environment.
The Health Score assesses the quality of views as a wellbeing parameter.
The better the visual connection to the outside world, the higher the achievable score.

Learn more? What is a healthy building – and why is it the right choice?
What is a healthy building: an introductory article covering views of nature and landscapes as part of visual comfort.

Colour concept

Information
A building's colour concept influences users’ perception, wayfinding and wellbeing.
Colours can create moods, support concentration or promote relaxation.
The Health Score assesses whether a well-considered, use-oriented colour concept is in place.
The more effectively colours are used, the higher the achievable score.

Learn more? What is a healthy building – and why is it the right choice? · Low-Hanging Fruit – checklist for a healthy building (NL)
What is a healthy building: an introduction to look and feel, colour and materials. Low-Hanging Fruit: simple measures, including look and feel.

Material concept

Information
A building's material concept influences both the perception and quality of its indoor environments.
Natural, low-emission materials can support wellbeing and create a pleasant atmosphere.
The Health Score assesses whether a well-considered, health-focused material concept is in place.
The more carefully materials are selected and used, the higher the achievable score.

Learn more? Questionnaire for healthy materials · Bio-based construction: healthy and circular
Questionnaire: questions for suppliers about healthy materials. Bio-based construction: the influence of bio-based materials on humidity, temperature, acoustics and indoor air.

Access to nature

Information
Access to nature has a positive effect on users’ wellbeing, recovery and health.
Nearby green spaces or direct visual and physical access to nature can reduce stress and significantly improve the quality of the indoor environment.
The Health Score assesses whether natural surroundings are readily accessible.
The better and more direct this access, the higher the score.

Balcony/Terrace

Information
An adequately sized balcony or terrace provides space to relax outdoors and has a positive effect on wellbeing and quality of life.
The appropriate size depends on the number of occupants – larger households need more space, though not in direct proportion to the number of people.

Guideline (how many people should comfortably fit):
1 person → at least 2 people  ·  2 people → at least 4 people  ·  3 people → at least 5 people  ·  4 people → 4–6 people  ·  5+ people → at least 6 people

Barrier-free access

Information
Barrier-free access (e.g. a lift, step-free entrance) allows all occupants – regardless of mobility or age – to reach their home independently, improving the building's usability and future-readiness.
Result

Your Health Score

Afterwards, please tell us how you found this assessment of your building’s health quality and what we could improve in this mini app. Please use the following link:

Link to the Google feedback form

Thank you!

Health parameters

Wellbeing parameters

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